Revision as of 09:36, 6 February 2018 (view source) Fcorthay (Talk | contribs) (→‎Backup) ← Older edit		Latest revision as of 11:36, 29 January 2021 (view source) Fcorthay (Talk | contribs) (→‎Operating system)
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	This wiki bases on the console version of Raspbian.		This wiki bases on the console version of Raspbian.
−	== Prepare an SD card ==	+	== Operating system ==
−	On a Linux computer, download it:	+	A [https://www.raspberrypi.org/downloads/raspbian/ disk image]
−	su	+	can be downloaded and copied to the SD card
−	cd /tmp	+	with the help of [https://etcher.io/ Etcher].
−	wget https://downloads.raspberrypi.org/raspbian_lite_latest -O raspbian-lite.zip	+	unzip ~/Downloads/etcher-1.1.2-linux-x86_64.zip -d /tmp/
−	sha1sum raspbian-lite.zip	+	/tmp/etcher-*.AppImage &
−	unzip raspbian-lite.zip.zip	+
−	mv *-raspbian-*-lite.img raspbian-lite.img	+
−	Insert a card reader with the SD card you wish to use and write the image:	+	Place the SD card on the board and power it.
−	fdisk -l	+	Attach a keyboard and a screen and wait for the boot process to terminate.
−	RPI_DISK='/dev/sdb'	+	Login as <code>pi</code> with username <code>raspberry</code>.
−	umount $RPI_DISK*	+	raspi-config
−	ls -lh raspbian-lite.img | sed -e 's/.*root/Copying/' | sed -e 's/G.*rasp/G file rasp/'	+	sudo su
−	dd if=raspbian-lite.img of=$RPI_DISK status=progress conv=fsync && \	+	passwd
−	aplay /usr/share/sounds/alsa/Front_Center.wav	+	apt update
−	eject $RPI_DISK	+	apt upgrade
		+
		+	Check OS version:
		+	uname -a
		+	The result can be compared to the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi_OS#Version_history Raspberry Pi OS version history].
		+
		+	With <code>raspi-config</code>, one can:
		+	* change the keyboard layout
		+	* edit the host name
		+	* enable <code>ssh</code> (from <code>Interfacing Options</code>)
		+	* disable predictable interface names (keep to <code>eth0</code> and <code>wlan0</code>)
		+	* set the wi-fi region
−	Unplug the SD card reader and plug it in again.	+	Enable root SSH by changing in <code>/etc/ssh/sshd_config</code>:
−	Find the mount point:	+	PermitRootLogin yes
−	df -h | grep $RPI_DISK	+
−	RPI_DISK_MOUNTPOINT='/media/francois/boot'	+
−	Remove <code>init=/usr/lib/raspi-config/init_resize.sh</code> from:	+	Disable the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluetooth Bluetooth] related services:
−	nano -w $RPI_DISK_MOUNTPOINT/cmdline.txt	+	systemctl disable hciuart.service
		+	systemctl disable bluetooth.service
−	Eject the SD card reader:	+	Disable loading the Bluetooth kernel modules by adding in <code>/boot/config.txt</code>:
−	eject $RPI_DISK	+	# Disable Bluetooth
		+	dtoverlay=pi3-disable-bt
	== Change root settings ==		== Change root settings ==
Line 57:		Line 66:
	service ssh restart		service ssh restart
−	== Locales ==	+	== Perl ==
−	Set the regional parameters:	+	Specify locales by editing <code>/etc/default/locale</code>:
−	raspi-config	+	LANG=C.UTF-8
		+	LC_ALL=C
−	Then edit <code>~.bashrc</code> and add:	+	Test it:
−	# Locales	+	perl -e exit
−	export LC_ALL=C	+
		+	Install the necessary package for the documentation of [https://www.perl.org/ Perl] scripts:
		+	apt install perl-doc
	== Swap partition ==		== Swap partition ==
Line 109:		Line 121:
	apt install netatalk		apt install netatalk
	nano /etc/netatalk/AppleVolumes.default		nano /etc/netatalk/AppleVolumes.default
−
−	== Programming tools ==
−
−	Install Perl documentation reader:
−	apt-get install perl-doc
	= Users =		= Users =
Line 152:		Line 159:
	swapoff /dev/mmcblk0p3		swapoff /dev/mmcblk0p3
	dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/mmcblk0p3		dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/mmcblk0p3
		+	mkswap -L pi-swap /dev/mmcblk0p3
	Stop the machine:		Stop the machine:

---

Latest revision as of 11:36, 29 January 2021

The xPL protocol is light enough to run on simple machines such as the Raspberry Pi.

Install Raspbian

Several distributions are available for the Raspberry Pi. This wiki bases on the console version of Raspbian.

Operating system

A disk image can be downloaded and copied to the SD card with the help of Etcher.

unzip ~/Downloads/etcher-1.1.2-linux-x86_64.zip -d /tmp/
/tmp/etcher-*.AppImage &

Place the SD card on the board and power it. Attach a keyboard and a screen and wait for the boot process to terminate. Login as pi with username raspberry.

raspi-config
sudo su
passwd
apt update
apt upgrade

Check OS version:

uname -a

The result can be compared to the Raspberry Pi OS version history.

With raspi-config, one can:

• change the keyboard layout
• edit the host name
• enable ssh (from Interfacing Options)
• disable predictable interface names (keep to eth0 and wlan0)
• set the wi-fi region

Enable root SSH by changing in /etc/ssh/sshd_config:

PermitRootLogin yes

Disable the Bluetooth related services:

systemctl disable hciuart.service
systemctl disable bluetooth.service

Disable loading the Bluetooth kernel modules by adding in /boot/config.txt:

# Disable Bluetooth
dtoverlay=pi3-disable-bt

Change root settings

Insert the SD card in the Raspberry Pi and boot it.

sudo su
passwd
apt update
apt upgrade

Setup aliases:

nano .bashrc
source .bashrc

Specify what to do with pageUp/Down keys:

nano /etc/inputrc

Allow ssh:

nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config
# change: PermitRootLogin yes
service ssh restart

Perl

Specify locales by editing /etc/default/locale:

LANG=C.UTF-8
LC_ALL=C

Test it:

perl -e exit

Install the necessary package for the documentation of Perl scripts:

apt install perl-doc

Swap partition

Add a 1 GB swap partition

cfdisk /dev/mmcblk0
swaplabel -L swap /dev/mmcblk0p3

Edit /etc/fstab and add:

LABEL=swap    none    swap    sw    0 0

Remove the default swapfile:

update-rc.d -f dphys-swapfile remove
swapoff -a
rm /var/swap

Reboot and check:

swapon -s

Ethernet

Check the Ethernet connection:

ifconfig | grep 'inet '
ping -c 4 google.com

Change host name:

raspi-config

Give a static IP address:

nano /etc/dhcpcd.conf

Add the following lines:

# Set a static IP address
interface eth0
static ip_address=192.168.1.18/24
static routers=192.168.1.1
static domain_name_servers=192.168.1.3

Restart the machine and re-enable SSH:

reboot
raspi-config
ifconfig | grep 'inet '

Set-up Apple FileProtocol (AFP) sharing:

apt install netatalk
nano /etc/netatalk/AppleVolumes.default

Users

Removing the default user can close security gaps:

userdel -r pi

Add a data partition for the users' home

cfdisk /dev/mmcblk0
mke2fs -t ext4 -L data /dev/mmcblk0p4

Edit /etc/fstab and add:

LABEL=data    /home    ext4    defaults,noatime    0 1

Reboot the machine:

reboot
lsblk -o name,label,mountpoint

Add the control user:

useradd -m -g users -G users,dialout,audio -s /bin/bash control
passwd control

Backup

Zeroing unused blocks on the SD card should be better for later compression:

apt install secure-delete
lsblk -o name,label,mountpoint

Zero fill unused blocks of the data partition:

sfill -lzv /home/

Zero fill unused blocks of the system partition:

umount /home
sfill -lzv /

Zero the swap partition:

swapoff /dev/mmcblk0p3
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/mmcblk0p3
mkswap -L pi-swap /dev/mmcblk0p3

Stop the machine:

halt

Extract the SD card, insert it in a reader and plug it in a Linux PC.

Save the whole disk:

lsblk -o name,label,fstype,size,mountpoint
RPI_DISK='/dev/sdb'
RPI_BACKUP_FILE='/home/user/Desktop/rpi.img.bz2'
umount $RPI_DISK*
dd if=$RPI_DISK status=progress | bzip2 -9f >$RPI_BACKUP_FILE
ls -lh $RPI_BACKUP_FILE
eject $RPI_DISK

Restore the whole disk:

bunzip2 -dc $RPI_BACKUP_FILE | dd of=$RPI_DISK status=progress

Checks

CPU usage

Check CPU usage:

ps -eo pcpu,user,args | sort -k 1 -r | head -10
echo && ps -eo pcpu,user,args | grep -v ' 0.0 ' | grep -v '%CPU' | sort -k 1 -r | sed 's/[ ^I]\/.*\/perl//' | sed 's/.pl[ ^I].*/.pl/'

Process priorities

Check process priorities:

ps ax -o nice,pid,user,args | grep -v ' NI ' | sort

The lowest numbers correspond to the highest priorities.

Change the priority level of xPL devices:

ps ax -o nice,pid,user,args | grep -v ' grep ' | grep -i xpl-

USER='control'
NEW_LEVEL=-10
SYSTEM_IFS=$IFS; IFS=$'\n'; 
task_list=(`ps ax -o pid,user,args | grep -v ' grep ' | grep -i '/xpl-'`)
IFS=$SYSTEM_IFS
for item in "${task_list[@]}" ;  do
  task_id=`echo "${item}" | sed "s/$USER.*//"`
# echo $task_id
  renice $NEW_LEVEL -p $task_id >/dev/null
done
ps ax -o nice,pid,user,args | grep -v ' grep ' | grep -i xpl-

Links

Here some interesting pages for the installation process:

• create a robust Raspberry Pi setup for 24x7 operation
• removing automatic filesystem expansion at boot
• enabling root ssh
• setting a static IP address
• setting-up WiFi