Difference between revisions of "Install Raspberry Pi"
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apt update | apt update | ||
apt upgrade | apt upgrade | ||
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| + | Check OS version: | ||
| + | uname -a | ||
With <code>raspi-config</code>, one can: | With <code>raspi-config</code>, one can: | ||
Revision as of 11:08, 29 January 2021
The xPL protocol is light enough to run on simple machines such as the Raspberry Pi.
Contents
[hide]Install Raspbian
Several distributions are available for the Raspberry Pi. This wiki bases on the console version of Raspbian.
Operating system
A disk image can be downloaded and copied to the SD card with the help of Etcher.
unzip ~/Downloads/etcher-1.1.2-linux-x86_64.zip -d /tmp/ /tmp/etcher-*.AppImage &
Place the SD card on the board and power it.
Attach a keyboard and a screen and wait for the boot process to terminate.
Login as pi with username raspberry.
raspi-config sudo su passwd apt update apt upgrade
Check OS version:
uname -a
With raspi-config, one can:
- change the keyboard layout
- edit the host name
- enable
ssh(fromInterfacing Options) - disable predictable interface names (keep to
eth0andwlan0) - set the wi-fi region
Enable root SSH by changing in /etc/ssh/sshd_config:
PermitRootLogin yes
Disable the Bluetooth related services:
systemctl disable hciuart.service systemctl disable bluetooth.service
Disable loading the Bluetooth kernel modules by adding in /boot/config.txt:
# Disable Bluetooth dtoverlay=pi3-disable-bt
Change root settings
Insert the SD card in the Raspberry Pi and boot it.
sudo su passwd apt update apt upgrade
Setup aliases:
nano .bashrc source .bashrc
Specify what to do with pageUp/Down keys:
nano /etc/inputrc
Allow ssh:
nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config # change: PermitRootLogin yes service ssh restart
Perl
Specify locales by editing /etc/default/locale:
LANG=C.UTF-8 LC_ALL=C
Test it:
perl -e exit
Install the necessary package for the documentation of Perl scripts:
apt install perl-doc
Swap partition
Add a 1 GB swap partition
cfdisk /dev/mmcblk0 swaplabel -L swap /dev/mmcblk0p3
Edit /etc/fstab and add:
LABEL=swap none swap sw 0 0
Remove the default swapfile:
update-rc.d -f dphys-swapfile remove swapoff -a rm /var/swap
Reboot and check:
swapon -s
Ethernet
Check the Ethernet connection:
ifconfig | grep 'inet ' ping -c 4 google.com
Change host name:
raspi-config
Give a static IP address:
nano /etc/dhcpcd.conf
Add the following lines:
# Set a static IP address interface eth0 static ip_address=192.168.1.18/24 static routers=192.168.1.1 static domain_name_servers=192.168.1.3
Restart the machine and re-enable SSH:
reboot raspi-config ifconfig | grep 'inet '
Set-up Apple FileProtocol (AFP) sharing:
apt install netatalk nano /etc/netatalk/AppleVolumes.default
Users
Removing the default user can close security gaps:
userdel -r pi
Add a data partition for the users' home
cfdisk /dev/mmcblk0 mke2fs -t ext4 -L data /dev/mmcblk0p4
Edit /etc/fstab and add:
LABEL=data /home ext4 defaults,noatime 0 1
Reboot the machine:
reboot lsblk -o name,label,mountpoint
Add the control user:
useradd -m -g users -G users,dialout,audio -s /bin/bash control passwd control
Backup
Zeroing unused blocks on the SD card should be better for later compression:
apt install secure-delete lsblk -o name,label,mountpoint
Zero fill unused blocks of the data partition:
sfill -lzv /home/
Zero fill unused blocks of the system partition:
umount /home sfill -lzv /
Zero the swap partition:
swapoff /dev/mmcblk0p3 dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/mmcblk0p3 mkswap -L pi-swap /dev/mmcblk0p3
Stop the machine:
halt
Extract the SD card, insert it in a reader and plug it in a Linux PC.
Save the whole disk:
lsblk -o name,label,fstype,size,mountpoint RPI_DISK='/dev/sdb' RPI_BACKUP_FILE='/home/user/Desktop/rpi.img.bz2' umount $RPI_DISK* dd if=$RPI_DISK status=progress | bzip2 -9f >$RPI_BACKUP_FILE ls -lh $RPI_BACKUP_FILE eject $RPI_DISK
Restore the whole disk:
bunzip2 -dc $RPI_BACKUP_FILE | dd of=$RPI_DISK status=progress
Checks
CPU usage
Check CPU usage:
ps -eo pcpu,user,args | sort -k 1 -r | head -10 echo && ps -eo pcpu,user,args | grep -v ' 0.0 ' | grep -v '%CPU' | sort -k 1 -r | sed 's/[ ^I]\/.*\/perl//' | sed 's/.pl[ ^I].*/.pl/'
Process priorities
Check process priorities:
ps ax -o nice,pid,user,args | grep -v ' NI ' | sort
The lowest numbers correspond to the highest priorities.
Change the priority level of xPL devices:
ps ax -o nice,pid,user,args | grep -v ' grep ' | grep -i xpl-
USER='control'
NEW_LEVEL=-10
SYSTEM_IFS=$IFS; IFS=$'\n';
task_list=(`ps ax -o pid,user,args | grep -v ' grep ' | grep -i '/xpl-'`)
IFS=$SYSTEM_IFS
for item in "${task_list[@]}" ; do
task_id=`echo "${item}" | sed "s/$USER.*//"`
# echo $task_id
renice $NEW_LEVEL -p $task_id >/dev/null
done
ps ax -o nice,pid,user,args | grep -v ' grep ' | grep -i xpl-
Links
Here some interesting pages for the installation process:
