Difference between revisions of "Install Raspberry Pi"
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Revision as of 12:36, 27 January 2018
The xPL protocol is light enough to run on simple machines such as the Raspberry Pi.
Contents
Install Raspbian
Several distributions are available for the Raspberry Pi. This wiki bases on the console version of Raspbian.
Prepare an SD card
On a Linux computer, download it:
su cd /tmp wget https://downloads.raspberrypi.org/raspbian_lite_latest -O raspbian-lite.zip sha1sum raspbian-lite.zip unzip raspbian-lite.zip.zip mv *-raspbian-*-lite.img raspbian-lite.img
Insert a card reader with the SD card you wish to use and write the image:
fdisk -l RPI_DISK='/dev/sdb' umount $RPI_DISK* ls -lh raspbian-lite.img | sed -e 's/.*root/Copying/' | sed -e 's/G.*rasp/G file rasp/' dd if=raspbian-lite.img of=$RPI_DISK status=progress conv=fsync && \ aplay /usr/share/sounds/alsa/Front_Center.wav eject $RPI_DISK
Unplug the SD card reader and plug it in again. Find the mount point:
df -h | grep $RPI_DISK RPI_DISK_MOUNTPOINT='/media/francois/boot'
Remove init=/usr/lib/raspi-config/init_resize.sh from:
nano -w $RPI_DISK_MOUNTPOINT/cmdline.txt
Eject the SD card reader:
eject $RPI_DISK
Change root settings
Insert the SD card in the Raspberry Pi and boot it.
sudo su passwd apt update apt upgrade
Setup aliases:
nano .bashrc source .bashrc
Specify what to do with pageUp/Down keys:
nano /etc/inputrc
Allow ssh:
nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config # change: PermitRootLogin yes service ssh restart
Locales
Set the regional parameters:
raspi-config
Then edit ~.bashrc and add:
# Locales export LC_ALL=C
Swap partition
Add a 1 GB swap partition
cfdisk /dev/mmcblk0 swaplabel -L swap /dev/mmcblk0p3
Edit /etc/fstab and add:
LABEL=swap none swap sw 0 0
Remove the default swapfile:
update-rc.d -f dphys-swapfile remove swapoff -a rm /var/swap
Reboot and check:
swapon -s
Ethernet
Check the Ethernet connection:
ifconfig | grep 'inet ' ping -c 4 google.com
Change host name:
raspi-config
Give a static IP address:
nano /etc/dhcpcd.conf
Add the following lines:
# Set a static IP address interface eth0 static ip_address=192.168.1.18/24 static routers=192.168.1.1 static domain_name_servers=192.168.1.3
Restart the machine and re-enable SSH:
reboot raspi-config ifconfig | grep 'inet '
Set-up Apple FileProtocol (AFP) sharing:
apt install netatalk nano /etc/netatalk/AppleVolumes.default
Programming tools
Install Perl documentation reader:
apt-get install perl-doc
Users
Removing the default user can close security gaps:
userdel -r pi
Add a data partition for the users' home
cfdisk /dev/mmcblk0 mke2fs -t ext4 -L data /dev/mmcblk0p4
Edit /etc/fstab and add:
LABEL=data /home ext4 defaults,noatime 0 1
Reboot the machine:
reboot lsblk -o name,label,mountpoint
Add the control user:
useradd -m -g users -G users,dialout,audio -s /bin/bash control passwd control
Backup
Zeroing unused blocks on the SD card should be better for later compression:
apt install secure-delete lsblk -o name,label,mountpoint
Zero the swap partition:
swapoff /dev/mmcblk0p3 dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/mmcblk0p3 mkswap -L swap /dev/mmcblk0p3
Zero fill unused blocks of the data partition:
sfill -lzv /home/
Zero fill unused blocks of the system partition:
umount /home mount -o remount,rw / sfill -lzv /
Stop the machine:
halt
Extract the SD card, insert it in a reader and plug it in a Linux PC.
Save the whole disk:
lsblk -o name,label,fstype,size,mountpoint RPI_DISK='/dev/sdb' RPI_BACKUP_FILE='/home/user/Desktop/rpi.img.bz2' umount $RPI_DISK* dd if=$RPI_DISK status=progress | bzip2 -9f >$RPI_BACKUP_FILE ls -lh $RPI_BACKUP_FILE
Restore the whole disk:
bunzip2 -dc $RPI_BACKUP_FILE | dd of=$RPI_DISK status=progress
Checks
CPU usage
Check CPU usage:
ps -eo pcpu,user,args | sort -k 1 -r | head -10 echo && ps -eo pcpu,user,args | grep -v ' 0.0 ' | grep -v '%CPU' | sort -k 1 -r | sed 's/[ ^I]\/.*\/perl//' | sed 's/.pl[ ^I].*/.pl/'
Process priorities
Check process priorities:
ps ax -o nice,pid,user,args | grep -v ' NI ' | sort
The lowest numbers correspond to the highest priorities.
Change the priority level of xPL devices:
ps ax -o nice,pid,user,args | grep -v ' grep ' | grep -i xpl-
USER='control'
NEW_LEVEL=-10
SYSTEM_IFS=$IFS; IFS=$'\n';
task_list=(`ps ax -o pid,user,args | grep -v ' grep ' | grep -i '/xpl-'`)
IFS=$SYSTEM_IFS
for item in "${task_list[@]}" ; do
task_id=`echo "${item}" | sed "s/$USER.*//"`
# echo $task_id
renice $NEW_LEVEL -p $task_id >/dev/null
done
ps ax -o nice,pid,user,args | grep -v ' grep ' | grep -i xpl-
Links
Here some interesting pages for the installation process:
